When the device tries to connect to an access point or router, it has to sign in on the captive portal page with the message saying
"Sign in to Wi-Fi network".
How does the access point/router identify that a sign in is required for the device and what is the process behind it?
Answer
The detection url differs between different Android versions.
For Marshmallow, it uses connectivitycheck.gstatic.com/generate_204, check the code here AndroidXRef - Marshmallow 6.0.0_r1
For Kitkat, it uses clients3.google.com/generate_204 check the code AndroidXRef - KitKat 4.4.4_r1
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